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By-Laws

BY-LAWS
These By-laws are framed in terms of clause 3.11 of the Constitution and are numbered from B.1.1.1 onwards
SPECIAL PROVISIONS AND DEFINITIONS
In these By-laws, except where the context forbids, words signifying males are intended to include females and words implying the singular number are intended to include the plural number, and vice versa. `Council’ shall mean the Council constituted under Section 3 of the Constitution. The terms `approved’ and `recognised’ and `acceptable’ shall mean approved by, recognised by and acceptable to Council unless the context denotes otherwise. The term `member’ shall mean a member of any grade of membership of the Institute but when written `Member’ it shall mean that particular grade of membership denoted by clause 2.7 of the Constitution. The `Regulations’ means the regulations made by Council pursuant to the relevant portion of clause 3.11 of the Constitution.
B1 ADMISSION TO MEMBERSHIP
*Election or transfer by Council*	B1.1.1		the election or transfer of a candidate to any grade of membership of the Institute shall be by Council, but, except in the case of Companion and Honorary Fellow, shall have no force or effect until the appropriate fees have been paid.

	B1.1.2		A candidate for election or transfer to a higher grade of membership of the Institute shall forward his application on the form prescribed by Council, duly completed and accompanied by any necessary supporting documents, to the Secretary of the Institute.

	B1.1.3		Council shall consider the application and supporting data and grade the candidate in terms of the Constitution, By-laws and Regulations.

	B1.1.4		Council may require a candidate to present himself for an interview by a panel of assessors appointed by Council regarding his application.

*Election of Student*	B1.2.1		A candidate for election to membership of the Institute in the grade of Student shall apply on the appropriate form which shall embody a certificate from the academic institution at which he is a bona fine student.

	B1.2.2		Should Council find the application acceptable in every respect Council shall declare the candidate duly elected subject to B.1.1.1. The election of the candidate shall then be announced at an Ordinary or Annual General Meeting.

*Election or transfer to Associate*	B1.3.1		A candidate for election or transfer to Associate shall be proposed by a member graded Member or higher, who has personal knowledge of the candidate’s character, qualifications and experience.

	B.1.3.2		Having considered the application in terms of B.1.1.3 and having found it acceptable, Council shall declare the candidate duly elected in the appropriate grade, subject to B.1.1.1. Subsequent to the payment of the appropriate fees the election or transfer of the candidate shall be announced at an Ordinary or Annual General Meeting.

*Election of Companion*	B1.4		The grade of Companion shall be an honorary grade and persons so graded shall be invited by Council to join the Institute, his election having taken place as follows :-
	B1.4.1		Any Member, Senior Member, Fellow or Honorary Fellow may propose in writing any person whom he considers fulfils the requirements as stated in 2.6 of the Constitution, to the Secretary of the Institute.

	B.1.4.2		The proposal must be accompanied by a citation signed by the proposer and supported by a second Member, Senior Member, Fellow or Honorary Fellow.

	B1.4.3		Council shall consider the proposal and, should the proposal be accepted, invite the nominee to join the Institute as a Companion.

	B1.4.4		Alternatively, should Council receive an application for membership in the normal way, and the candidate found to be particularly acceptable as a Companion, Council may invite the applicant to join the Institute as a Companion.

*Election or transfer to Member, Senior Member or Fellow*	B1.5.1		A candidate for election or transfer to Member shall be proposed by a member who is graded Member or higher.
	B1.5.2		A candidate for election or transfer to Senior Member shall be proposed by two (2) members who are graded Senior Members or higher.

	B1.5.3		A candidate who applies or is nominated for transfer to Fellow shall be supported by two (2) members who shall themselves be Fellows

	B1.5.4		All members who support applications for election or transfer to the grades of Member, Senior Member or Fellow shall have personal knowledge of the candidate’s character, qualifications and experience.

	B1.5.5		Should Council find in terms of B1.1.3 that a candidate for election or transfer to Member or Senior Member is not qualified in every respect to be graded as applied for, Council shall declare the candidate elected or transferred to the grade in which the candidate, in the opinion of Council, is qualified subject to B.1.1.1. The election or transfer shall be announced at an Ordinary General Meeting.

	B1.5.6		Should Council find in terms of B1.1.3 that a candidate for transfer to Fellow is not qualified in every respect to be graded as Fellow, the applicant will retain his present grading.

	B1.5.7		Applications and nominations for membership and grading as Fellow or transfer to the grade of Fellow, in which exceptional circumstances as envisaged in clause 2.9.1 of the Constitution apply, shall be considered by the Membership Committee in terms of the Regulations governing such cases and a recommendation made to Council for final decision.

	B1.5.8		Should Council find in terms of B1.1.3 that a candidate is qualified in every respect to be graded as Member, Senior Member or transferred to Fellow, Council shall declare the candidate elected or transferred subject to B.1.1.1. The election or transfer shall be announced at an Ordinary General Meeting.

	B1.5.9		The names or grading of members elected or transferred in terms of B1.2.2, B1.3.2, B1.5.5 and B1.5.7 shall be published in an official publication of the Institute and elsewhere as Council may direct.

*Election of Honorary Fellow*	B1.6.1		Honorary Fellows shall be elected by Council in accordance with the provision of this By-law.

	B1.6.2		A member of Council wishing to propose a candidate for Honorary Fellowship shall, in the first instance, make his proposal privately and in person to the President.

	B1.6.3		The President shall discuss the proposal with the Office Bearers, disclosing at his discretion the identity of the proposer. If the candidate is an Office Bearer, he shall be excluded from the discussion.

	B1.6.4		If the proposal is approved at this stage, a written motion and citation shall be prepared and a seconder sought. The motion with the names of the proposer and seconder shall then be posted to all Council members, excluding the candidate if he is a Council Member. This notice, which shall also be a ballot paper, shall be returned to the Secretary by a specified date which shall not be less than three (3) weeks from the date of posting the notice.

	B1.6.5		The President and Secretary of the Institute shall act as scrutineers.

	B1.6.6		A Council member recording an adverse vote shall give the reason on his ballot form for so doing.

	B1.6.7		The candidate shall be elected if seventy-five (75) percent of the Council members record a positive vote and not more than two (2) adverse votes are recorded.

	B1.6.8		If a candidate has been elected, this shall be announced at the first Council meeting following the return date mentioned in B1.6.4 and at the subsequent General Meeting. The lack of such announcement shall be accepted as an indication that the candidate was not elected.

*Exemption in respect of signatures*	B1.7.1		Council may, at its discretion, waive the requirements of By-law B1.3.1, B1.5.1, B1.5.2 and B1.5.3 as regards the required signatures of members if a candidate is prevented from obtaining the specified number of sponsors for his application either by reason of his place of residence or for any other valid reason beyond his control.

	B1.7.2		In such case, the candidate should assist Council by submitting names of suitable person, preferably engineers who could vouch for his character, qualifications and experience and with whom Council may communicate.

*Re-admission*	B1.8.1		A candidate for re-admission to membership under clause 2.17 of the Constitution may be re-admitted either by re-election or by re-instatement. Before an application for re-admission is considered by Council, any arrears that may have accrued up to the time the candidate had ceased to be a member, shall have been paid. The re-election or re-instatement shall have no force or effect until the appropriate fees have been paid.

	B1.8.2		A person who ceased to be a member either by resignation or default, may be considered for re-instatement provided his application is made in writing within two (2) years of his ceasing to be a member.

	B1.8.2.1		Re-instatement means that the former member is restores to the position he would have occupied had he not ceased to be a member. His membership shall then be deemed to have been continuous from the date of his previous election.

	B1.8.2.2		All fees that he would have paid had there been no break in his membership must be paid.

	B1.8.3.1		A person who ceased to be a member, whether by resignation or default, desiring re-admission more than two (2) years after ceasing to be a member, shall apply for election in the prescribed manner.

	B1.8.3.2		An applicant applying for re-election shall be graded in terms of the Constitution, By-laws and Regulations in force at the time of application for re-election.

	B1.8.4		A person who ceased to be a member by expulsion shall not be re-admitted except by special resolution of Council agreed upon by a two-thirds majority of the members present at the meeting at which such resolution is passed.

B2 MEMBERSHIP : LIST OF, NOTICES TO, LETTERS OF DESIGNATION OF
*Register of members*	B2.1	A register of the names and addresses of all members shall be kept by the Secretary of the Institute and information therefrom may be made available to members on request but shall not be used for commercial purposes.

*Distribution of notices*	B2.2	Notices shall be sent by hand, facsimile, e-mail or through the post to the address last registered with the Institute.

*Letters of designation*	B2.3.1	A member of the Institute shall be entitled to use the following authorised letters designating his grade of membership in the Institute :-
		Honorary Fellow		Hon FSAIEE
		Fellow		FSAIEE
		Senior Member		SMSAIEE
		Member		MSAIEE
		Companion		Companion SAIEE
		Associate		Associate SAIEE
		Student		Student SAIEE

	B2.3.2	No member shall adopt, or describe himself by any other description or abbreviation to indicate his grade of membership in the Institute nor shall any person who is not a member of the Institute describe himself as a member of the Institute or make use of the above letters.
B3 FEES AND SUBSCRIPTIONS
*Entrance fees & subscriptions*	B3.1.1	All members shall pay entrance fees and subscriptions as prescribed by Council from time to time. All members shall be notified of any changes in the amounts payable at least three (3) months before the date on which such changes become effective.

*Subscription for part of the year*	B3.1.2	Should a candidate be elected, transferred, or in the case of a Student, be eligible to pay subscription fees after 30th June in any year, his subscription or increased subscription for the remainder of that financial year shall be one half of the annual subscription.

*Annual subscriptions*	B3.2	Annual subscriptions shall become due on 1st January in each year and shall include all per capita levies to other institutions, councils, umbrella bodies, etc as approved by Council from time to time.

*Payment of entrance fees and subscriptions on election or transfer*	B3.3.1	Appropriate entrance fees and subscriptions shall become due by a candidate for election or transfer on receipt of the notice advising him of the outcome of his application.

	B3.3.2	Payment of amounts due shall be made within one (1) month from the date of the above-mentioned notice. Council may, at its discretion, extend this period by one (1) further month.

	B3.3.3	If payment is not made within the period stated above nor the extended period, the application shall lapse and Council shall not consider such application again until at least six (6) months after the date on which the amounts were due.

*Exclusion from membership due to default (Constitution clause 2.14)*	B3.4.1	A member whose annual subscription is unpaid after the 31st day of March in any year shall cease to be in good standing and shall not be entitled to receive the notices, publications or awards of the Institute nor to exercise any other of the rights and privileges of membership.

	B3.4.2	A member whose annual subscription remains unpaid for one (1) year may, by resolution of Council be excluded from the Institute ; he shall therefore cease to be a member and his name shall be removed from the membership register. Notice to this effect shall be sent to him in writing by the Secretary of the Institute at his last registered address three (3) months prior to the termination of the stated period. Such exclusion shall not relieve him from his liability for the payment of money due by him.

*Fees payable on re-admission, re-election and re-instatement*	B3.5.1	The fees and subscription to be paid by a re-admitted member, in addition to the arrears referred to in By-law B1.8 will depend on whether he is re-elected or re-instated.

	B3.5.2	A re-elected member will be required to pay the appropriate entrance fees and subscription as stipulated in R3.1.1 above as well as any arrears that may have been due at the time of his ceasing to be a member. Council may, however, remit all or part of this latter amount if it considers circumstances justify such remission.

	B3.5.3	A reinstated member will be required to pay an amount equivalent to the total of the annual subscriptions of the years, including the current year, since his name was removed from the register of members.

*Members resident outside South Africa*	B3.6	Council may prescribe subscriptions to be paid by members not resident in the Republic of South Africa, other than those payable by resident members.

*Subscription on retirement*	B3.7.1	A member in good standing who has been a member of the Institute for at least ten (10) consecutive years, has reached the age of sixty (60) and who is no longer actively engaged in the profession may apply to Council for adjustment in the amount of his subscription. Such a member shall retain the privileges of his grade. Any resumption of engagement in the profession which results in the member being remunerated, other than on an ad hoc basis shall, subject to Council approval, be a cause for the withdrawal of the concession made in respect of the payment of the annual subscription.
	B3.7.2	The annual subscription of any member of any grade complying with the conditions of B3.7.1 shall be reduced in a manner prescribed by Council annually.

	B3.7.3	Any member complying with the conditions of B3.7.1 but who has been a member of the Institute for not less than twenty-five (25) consecutive years, shall be exempt from the payment of further subscriptions.

*Remission of* *subscriptions*	B3.8.1	Council may, in exceptional circumstances, reduce or remit the annual arrear subscriptions due by any member.

	B3.8.2	A member in good standing may, in exceptional circumstances, be granted a remission of subscriptions for a period of one (1) to three (3) years. Exceptional circumstances may include temporary absence from South Africa, leaving the profession for a short period, sabbatical leave, financial difficulties, etc. No literature or publications shall be posted to such member during the remission period granted.

	B3.8.3	Council may, reduce the annual subscription of an Associate to those applicable to a Student if it is satisfied that the reduction is appropriate.

*Exemption after 50 years*	B3.9	Any member who has been a member for fifty (50) consecutive years shall be exempt from the payment of further subscriptions.

*Student matters*	B3.10.1	An applicant who is granted Student membership of the Institute shall be exempt from the payment of entrance fees.

	B3.10.2	A Student who for any reason ceases to be registered as a student for an approved course in electrical engineering at a recognised tertiary educational institution or who fails to advise the Institute of his student status by 31 March in any year shall be transferred to Associate grade by not later than 31 March of that year and advised accordingly. Such Student shall pay no entrance fee to such grade provided that application is made or transfer is effected within three (3) months of ceasing to be a registered student.

	B3.10.3	A Student who had been exempt from the payment of entrance fees when graded as Associate and/or who qualifies in terms of Regulation 4 for transfer to the grade of Member shall be exempt from the payment of entrance fees to that grade provided application for transfer is made within three (3) months of such qualification being achieved.

	B3.10.4	An Associate who fails to apply for transfer in terms of B3.10.3, or a Student who has been graded Associate in terms of clause 2.4.2 of the Constitution, shall be liable for entrance and subscription fees when transferred to a higher grade.

	B3.10.5	A Student member shall pay no subscription fee during a period of five (5) years from the date when he was first registered as a student for an approved course in electrical engineering at a recognised tertiary educational institution.

	B3.10.6	A Student member shall pay the annual Student subscription rate for the 6th year from the date when he was first registered as a student for an approved course in electrical engineering at a recognised tertiary educational institution.

	B3.10.7	A Student member shall pay the Associate subscription rate for the 7th and subsequent years from the date when he was first registered as a student for an approved course in electrical engineering at a recognised tertiary educational institution.
B4 MEETINGS AND POSTAL BALLOTS OF THE INSTITUTE
*Quorum*	B4.1	The quorum for all Ordinary General Meetings of the Institute shall be twelve (12) Members, Senior Members, Fellows and Honorary Fellows and for Annual General Meetings thirty (30) Members, Senior Members, Fellows and Honorary Fellows. The quorum for Special General Meetings shall be thirty (30) Senior Members, Fellows and Honorary Fellows. A majority of votes of members entitled to vote in person and by proxy shall carry any business before the meeting.

*Voting*	B4.2.1	Every proposal submitted to any meeting except as otherwise provided, shall in the first instance be decided by a show of hands of the members entitled to vote but a ballot may be demanded by any Senior Member, Fellow or Honorary Fellow present. This ballot shall be taken forthwith and be supervised by two scrutineers appointed by the meeting.

	B4.2.2	The Chairman of any meeting shall have a deliberative vote and, if necessary, a casting vote.

*Chairman*	B4.3	The President shall preside at all Ordinary, Annual and Special General Meetings of the Institute at which he is present; otherwise the Deputy President or one of the Vice Presidents or, if none be present, a Fellow elected by the meeting shall preside.

*Adjournment*	B4.4	The Chairman of any meeting may, with the consent of the majority of the members present, who are entitled to vote, adjourn the proceedings from time to time and from place to place.

*Postal Ballot*	B4.5	Postal ballots and opinion polls held in terms of clauses 4.4 and 5 of the Constitution shall be conducted as follows :-

	B4.5.1	Council shall appoint a committee of not less than three (3) members comprising Senior Members, Fellows and/or Honorary Fellows to conduct the ballot or opinion poll. One of the committee members shall be appointed chairman by Council.

	B4.5.2	Papers setting out the objects of the ballot or opinion poll and making provision for members to exercise the vote shall be posted by the Secretary of the Institute to all eligible members at least twenty-one (21) days prior to the closing date of the ballot or poll.

	B4.5.3	The result of the ballot or poll shall be reported to a Council meeting on a day specified by Council. Council shall determine in what form the result of the ballot or poll shall be communicated to members.
B5 OFFICIAL PUBLICATIONS, PAPERS ETC
*Papers & contributions*	B5.1.	The official publications of the Institute shall be known as “The Transactions of the South African Institute of Electrical Engineers”, “Elektron” and “Energize”. Official notifications may be included in any or all such publications as determined by Council.

	B5.2	All literary and artistic material submitted to the Institute shall be deemed to be submitted for possible publication by the Institute. On receipt of any such submission and before publication by the Institute, the submitters shall be requested to assign in writing copyright in such material to the Institute and to give such guarantees as the Institute may require that publication of the material will not constitute an invasion of the rights of third parties. In accordance with circumstances, safeguards other than those specified above may be obtained prior to publication of material.

	B5.3	No one shall, save with the permission of the Council, publish or cause to be published any material submitted to the Institute and which is covered by By-law B5.2. Where permission is granted in accordance with this By-law, it shall be incumbent upon the party granted permission to ensure that an acknowledgement is made in the form and place determined by the Institute.

	B5.4	Copyright in such material as referred to in By-law B5.2 shall be deemed to vest in the Institute when the written assignment set out in By-law B5.2 is made by the submitters.

	B5.5	Notwithstanding the provisions of By-law B5.3 abstracts of material in which the Institute holds copyright may be reproduced without the prior permission of Council, but due acknowledgement shall be made to the Institute.

	B5.6	Single copies of material in which the Institute holds copyright may be made for research or private purposes without reference to the Institute.

	B5.7	Except in the case of material submitted for conferences, symposia, workshops and similar events, copyright shall revert to the submitters if publication of the material covered thereby is not made within six (6) months of the date of submission of such material to the Institute or within such extended period (not exceeding one (1) year) as the Institute may communicate to the submitter within two (2) months of the date of the aforesaid submission.

	B5.8.1	In the case of material submitted to for conferences, symposia, workshops or other similar events copyright shall revert to the submitter unless within three (3) months after the date set for the event or at any prior stage the Institute has published the material in any form or the Institute has negotiated an extended period with the submitter for any such publication.

	B5.8.2	Notwithstanding the provisions of By-law B5.8.1 the Institute shall always have the right to publish in its official journals material, revised or otherwise, presented at its conferences, symposia, workshops or similar events in whole, in part or in précis form.

	B5.9	Where the Institute undertakes joint conferences, symposia, workshops or similar events or joint publications with one or more third parties then the provisions of these By-laws will be adhered to subject to such modifications as may be deemed necessary by the Institute to provide for the position of any such third party.

*Author’s complimentary copies*	B5.10.1	The publication of a paper by the Institute shall entitle the author, or joint authors, to receive a number of complimentary copies of the publication in which the paper was printed as determined by Council from time to time.

	B5.10.2	The author of a “contribution to discussion” which is published, shall, if he is not a member of the Institute, be entitled to receive a complimentary copy of the publication in which the paper and his contribution were printed.

*Preferential sales*	B5.11	Publications of the Institute may be sold on request, to members of extra-territorial Institutions at preferential prices as determined by Council from time to time.
B6 ELECTION OF MEMBERS OF COUNCIL
*Nomination of Council members*	B6.1	The nomination of members for election to Council in accordance with 3.2.2 of the Constitution shall be as follows :-

	B6.1.1	Fellow, Honorary Fellow and Senior Members candidates eligible for election to Council may be nominated only by Members, Senior Members, Fellows and Honorary Fellows. Each member entitled to nominate candidates may nominate only one candidate for each prospective vacancy amongst the Council members referred to in clause 3.2.2 of the Constitution.

	B6.1.2	Nominations shall be made on the form prescribed by Council; these forms shall be posted to appropriate members by the Secretary of the Institute at least ninety (90) days before the Annual General Meeting. Nominations on the prescribed forms shall be returned to reach the Secretary of the Institute not less than sixty (60) days prior to the Annual General Meeting. On receipt of nominations the Secretary of the institute shall notify each nominee and request his acceptance of nomination within twenty-one (21) days; failing such acceptance the nomination shall lapse.

*Ballot for Council*	B6.2.1	The Secretary of the Institute shall send the appropriate official voting lists at least twenty-one (21) days prior to the closing date of the ballot to each member eligible to vote as indicated in clause 2.3.1 of the Constitution. These lists shall contain the names and designations (or occupations) of all candidates duly nominated.

	B6.2.2	The voting lists received by the Secretary of the Institute up to noon on the closing date stated thereon shall be included in the ballot.

*Scrutineers*	B6.3.1	A committee of not less than five (5) who are Senior Members, Fellows or Honorary Fellows shall be elected at the Ordinary General Meeting immediately preceding the Annual General Meeting to conduct the ballot for the election of members of Council. This committee of scrutineers shall elect a chairman from amongst its members.

	B6.3.2	In the event of an equal number of votes being record for two or more candidates, all of whom cannot be elected, the chairman of the committee of scrutineers shall by a majority vote of the committee decide the result; the chairman shall have a deliberative and, if necessary, a casting vote.

B7 MEETINGS AND DUTIES OF COUNCIL
*Council meetings quorum*	B7.1.1	Council shall hold meetings as often as the business of the Institute requires. At meetings of Council nine (9) voting members shall form a quorum and all matters shall be decided by a majority, except as otherwise provided for in clause 2.15 of the Constitution and By-law B1.6.7. The chairman shall have a deliberative vote and, if necessary, a casting vote.

*Chairman*	B7.1.2	At each Council meeting the chair shall be taken by the President or, in his absence, the Deputy President, a Vice-President or, in the absence of all of them, a Fellow or Honorary Fellow of the Council elected by members present.

*Absence from Council meetings*	B7.2	Any member of Council who consistently absents himself from Council meetings may, at the discretion of Council, be require to resign his seat on Council.

*Appointments of committees and representatives*	B7.3.1	Council shall have the power to appoint committees and/or representatives for such purposes and with such powers as it may decide. Such appointments and/or representation may be made from members of the Institute or from such other persons as Council may select in order to further the interests and work of the Institute.

	B7.3.2	The President shall be ex officio a member of all committees.

	B7.3.3	Chairmen of committees and representatives appointed by Council shall report regularly to Council either in person or in writing the progress and eventually the result of the work of the committees or representation.

*Reciprocity arrangements*	B7.4.1	The President or, in his absence, the Deputy President or a Vice-President, may extend the privileges of the Institute to members of extra-territorial Institutions who are visiting the Republic of South Africa. Such privileges shall include those enjoyed by members with exception of voting powers at meetings and may normally extend for a period of not exceeding twelve (12) months.

	B7.4.2	Visiting members from the Institution of Engineering and Technology of Great Britain shall be granted facilities and privileges in terms of the specific agreement entered into with that Institution as approved by Council in May 1992 and re-affirmed from time to time.

*Representation on other bodies*	B7.5	Council shall elect from membership representatives to serve on any approved society, committee, board, council, etc.

B8 CENTRES AND SECTIONS
*Constitution of Centre or Section*	B8.1	Any Centre or Section established by the Institute shall be constituted and its affairs conducted in accordance with the Objectives, Constitution and By-laws.

	B8.2.1	Council may, in accordance with the appropriate article of the Constitution, establish Centres and Sections and name them appropriately.

	B8.2.2	The established Centres are : The Western Cape Centre based in Cape Town The KwaZulu-Natal Centre based in Durban The Southern Cape Centre based in George The Vaal Triangle Centre based in Vanderbijlpark The Mpumalanga Centre based in Secunda

	B8.2.3	The established Sections are : The Power Section The Electronics and Software Section The Historical Section

	B8.3	The membership of a Centre shall consist of those members of all grades in the Institute who have signified in writing their wish to be enrolled as members of the Centre. All members of the Institute shall be deemed to be members of all Sections.
*Management of Section or Centre*	B8.4.1	The affairs of a Centre or Section shall, subject to control by Council, be managed by a Committee elected by Members, Senior Members, Fellows and Honorary Fellows who are members of the Centre or Section from the members of the Centre or Section.

	B8.4.2	The Committee shall be constituted as follows :

	B8.4.2.1	A Chairman

	B8.4.2.2	A Vice-Chairman

	B8.4.2.3	The Immediate Past Chairman

	B8.4.2.4	An Honorary Treasurer (for Centre only)

	B8.4.2.5	Six (6) members of whom at least four (4) shall be Senior Members, Fellows and/or Honorary Fellows

	B8.4.2.6	Past Chairmen (not more than three (5) who have accepted in writing the invitation of the Committee to serve for the ensuing year. The invitation shall be issued and accepted prior to the Committee meeting immediately preceding the Annual General Meeting of the Centre or Section.

	B8.4.3	The elected Committee shall have the power to co-opt by unanimous vote of those present at an ordinary committee meeting not more than two (2) additional Members, Senior Members, Fellows and/or Honorary Fellows; these co-opted members shall have the privileges and responsibilities of elected members and shall hold office for the current year. The names of such co-opted members shall be announced at the next Ordinary General Meeting of the Section or Centre following their co-option to the Committee.

*Chairman and Vice-Chairman*	B8.4.4.1	The Chairman and the Vice-Chairman shall be Senior members, Fellows and/or Honorary Fellows of the Institute and after the first year of its inception shall have served for at least one (1) year on the Committee prior to their election to these positions.

	B8.4.4.2	The Chairman and Vice-Chairman shall be elected by the Committee from those of its members who are eligible for election to these offices. They shall hold office for one (1) year unless the committee appoints either or both incumbents for one (1) additional year. Any extension of the appointment(s) beyond a second year in office shall be subjected to approval by a resolution of Council.

*Honorary Secretary and Treasurer*	B8.4.5	An Honorary Secretary (and only in the case of a Centre, an Honorary Treasurer) shall be appointed by the Committee.

*Retirement of Committee members*	B8.4.6	Three (3) members denoted in By-law B8.4.2.5 shall retire annually in rotation but shall be eligible for re-election.

*Frequency and quorum of Committee meetings*	B8.5.1	The Committee shall meet as often as the business of the Centre or Section requires. At meetings of the Committee five (5) members shall form a quorum and all matters shall be decided by a majority vote, the chairman having the deliberative vote and, if necessary, a casting vote.

	B8.5.2	At each Committee meeting the chair shall be taken by the Chairman or, in his absence, the Vice-Chairman or, in the absence of both of them, a Senior Member, Fellow or Honorary Fellow on the Committee elected by the members present.

*Duties of Committee*	B8.6	The duties of the Committee shall be :

	B8.6.1	To organise meetings for reading and discussing papers and delivery of lectures; to arrange visits and to discuss subjects coming within the scope of the Centre or Section.

*Expenditure and handling of funds by Centres or Sections*	B8.7.1	A Centre or Section Committee shall not undertake any activities involving the expenditure of Institute funds entrusted to it without prior approval of Council. Furthermore nothing in these By-laws shall empower any Centre or Section Committee to contract debts in the name of the Institute or to pledge the Institutes credit in any way.

	B8.7.2	Funds allocated for the conduct of a Centre shall be deposited on account of and for the use of the Centre in an approved bank or institution. All cheques drawn on such accounts shall be signed by the Chairman or Vice-Chairman and the Honorary Treasurer of the Centre.

	B8.7.3	Funds allocated for the conduct of the Section shall be controlled under the direction of the Office Bearers of Council.

*Minutes of meetings to be kept*	B8.8	Minutes of all Committee and General Meetings of the Centre or Section shall be kept and copies thereof, after scrutiny by the Chairman and with the least possible delay, shall be forwarded to the Secretary of the Institute for submission to Council.

*Annual and Ordinary General Meetings*	B8.9.1	The Annual General Meeting of the Centre or Section shall be held in the first half of the calendar year and, in addition, at least three (3) Ordinary General Meetings shall be held during each year.

	B8.9.2	At each General Meeting the chair shall be taken by the Chairman or, in his absence, the Vice-Chairman or, in the absence of both, by a Senior Member, Fellow or Honorary Fellow serving on the Committee who is elected by the members present.

*Nomination and election of Committee of Centre or Section*	B8.10	The nomination and election of members of the Committee shall be as set out herein. The result of the election shall be announced at the Annual General Meeting of the Centre or Section.

*Nomination of candidates*	B8.10.1	All candidates for election to the Committee shall be nominated only by Members, Senior Members, Fellows and Honorary Fellows of the Centre or Section who shall each be entitled to nominate candidates eligible for election for not more than the number of vacancies occurring on the Committee; candidates to fill vacancies shall comply with clause B8.4.2.5 of the By-laws and shall be considered separately for this purpose. Nominations shall be made on the form prescribed by Council. These forms shall be posted or e-mailed to Members, Senior Members, Fellows and Honorary Fellows who are members of the Centre or Section by the Secretary of the Institute at least ninety (90) days before the Annual General Meeting of the Centre or Section. Nomination forms shall be returned to reach the Secretary of the Institute not less than sixty (60) days prior to the date of the Annual General Meeting of the Centre or Section. On receipt of nominations the Secretary of the Institute shall notify each nominee and request his acceptance of nomination within twenty-one (21) days; failing such acceptance the nomination shall lapse.

*Election of candidates*	B8.10.2	At least twenty-one (21) days prior to the closing date of the ballot the Secretary of the Institute shall send official voting lists of all accepted nominations to each Member, Senior Member, Fellow and Honorary Fellow eligible to vote, which lists shall contain the names and designations (or occupations) of all candidates duly nominated.

	B8.10.3	The voting lists received by the Secretary of the Institute not later than noon on the closing date stated thereon shall be included in the ballot.

*Scrutineers for the ballot*	B8.10.4	The President shall appoint three (3) Office Bearers and the Secretary of the Institute to conduct the ballot for the election of members of the Committee. In the event of an equal number of votes being recorded for two (2) or more candidates all of whom cannot be elected, the President in consultation with the three (3) appointed Office Bearers shall decide the result.

*Authority of a Centre or Section*	B8.11	A Centre or Section shall not purport to act for the Institute in any matter either directly or by correspondence vis-a-vis Government Departments or similar bodies or any organisation, group or individual unless specifically authorised in writing by Council so to act (refer to clause 3.1 of the Constitution).

*Dissolution*	B8.12	Council shall retain the power to dissolve any Centre or Section and a copy of the resolution of Council deciding upon such dissolution shall be sent to the Chairman of the Centre or Section concerned and shall be published in one of the official publications of the Institute. All assets, books, records and funds of the Institute in the custody of the Centre or Section shall remain the property of the Institute and, in the event of the dissolution of a Centre or Section as provided for in this By-law, shall be forwarded immediately to the Secretary of the Institute.
B9 STUDENT CHAPTERS
*Rules*	B9.1	Any Student Chapter established by the Institute shall operate under its own rules provided its Rules do not conflict with the Constitution, Objectives and By-laws of the Institute. These Rules and any amendment thereof shall be submitted to Council for approval.

*Objectives*	B9.2	The objectives of the Student Chapter shall not be in conflict with the Mission of the Institute as set out in clause 1.3 of the Constitution of the Institute.

*Membership*	B9.3	The membership of a Student Chapter shall consist of Students and Associates who have been granted Student fees and who have signified in writing their wish to be enrolled in the Student Chapter.

*Management of the Student Chapter*	B9.4	The affairs of the Student Chapter shall, subject to control by Council, either directly or indirectly, be managed by a Committee elected by the members of the Student Chapter as defined in B9.3 above.

*Council control*	B9.5	Each Student Chapter shall be subject to the supervision of Council. Council may delegate such supervision to a Centre Committee.

		The supervising body shall have the power to veto any decision of the Student Chapter or its Committee that it considers not to be in the best interest of the Institute.

*Liaison Officer*	B9.6	In order to exercise the supervision of a Student Chapter, Council shall appoint a Senior Member, Fellow or Honorary Fellow to act as liaison officer between the Student Chapter and its supervising body. The liaison officer shall be a non-voting member of a Student Chapter Committee.

*Duties of Committee*	B9.7	The duties of the Student Chapter Committee shall be to organise meetings for reading and discussing papers and delivery of lectures; to arrange visits and to discuss subjects coming within the scope of the Student Chapter; to consider any other matters which come within the scope of the Student Chapter.

*Funds required by Student Chapter*	B9.8	Subject to Council approval, any funds required for the operation of a Student Chapter shall be made available as required.

*Minutes of meetings*	B9.9	Minutes of all committee and general meetings of Student Chapters shall be kept and copies thereof, after scrutiny by the Chairman and with the least possible delay, shall be forwarded via the liaison officer to the supervising body.

*Annual General Meeting*	B9.10	An Annual General Meeting shall be held in the second half of each calendar year to elect the Committee for the period until the next Annual General Meeting.

*Authority of a Student Chapter*	B9.11	A Student Chapter shall not purport to act for the Institute in any matter either directly or by correspondence vis-a-vis Government Departments or similar bodies or any organisation, group or individual unless specifically authorised in writing by Council so to act (refer to clause 3.1 of the Constitution).

*Dissolution*	B9.12	Council shall retain the power to dissolve any Student Chapter and a copy of the resolution of Council deciding upon such dissolution shall be sent to the Chairman of the Student Chapter concerned and shall be published in one of the official publications of the Institute. All assets, books, records and funds of the Institute in the custody of the Student Chapter shall remain the property of the Institute and, in the event of the dissolution of a Student Chapter as provided for in this By-law, shall be forwarded immediately to the Secretary of the Institute.